The second example, I’d like to review is the use of a commonly shared representation. The text is then superfluous but can be included just to insist on the obvious link or to reconnect a link which might lay in our subconscious. This technique is often use in the movie industry: ‘Remakes’ are a clear re-reading of a known visual thematic.

What will the text add in such cases? Some will use it to put a clear background on the subject and repressing the muted thought of the viewer: “I’ve seen it before”. Others will use it as help to the less knowledgeable part of their audience (too young to get the link, not from the same culture). Finally it can be used to restate a subtler link when the original imagery has been stretched a lot or if it’s a really precise reference.

I would put the picture above in that second kind of written/visual relationship. In my mind it evokes the Disney imagery of Snow White’s Evil Queen giving the poisoned apple. But for those who never saw that movie or just don’t remember, are the text and the precise pointer a luxury?